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What Is Keratoconus?

Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition in which the cornea — the clear front surface of the eye — thins and gradually bulges outward into a cone shape. This distorts vision and can cause significant visual impairment.

What Is Keratoconus?

Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition in which the cornea — the clear front surface of the eye — thins and gradually bulges outward into a cone shape. This distorts vision and can cause significant visual impairment. It typically begins in the teenage years or early twenties and progresses over 10‑20 years.

When to seek care

If you notice distorted vision or frequent prescription changes that glasses can no longer correct, see your eye doctor promptly. Early diagnosis is critical — corneal cross-linking is most effective before significant thinning occurs and it cannot restore vision that has already been lost.

Symptoms of Keratoconus

  • Blurry or distorted vision not fully corrected by glasses

  • frequent prescription changes

  • increased sensitivity to light and glare

  • halos and streaking around lights

  • difficulty driving at night

  • sudden clouding of vision or vision worsening (corneal hydrops in advanced stages).

Causes & Risk Factors

The exact cause is not fully understood. It involves a weakening of the corneal stroma due to reduced cross-linking proteins. Risk factors: genetic predisposition (family history in ~10% of cases), habitual eye rubbing, atopic conditions (allergies, asthma, eczema), and conditions like Down syndrome or Marfan syndrome.

Treatment Options

  1. Early stages

    specialty contact lenses (rigid gas-permeable or scleral lenses) to provide a smooth optical surface.

  2. Corneal cross-linking (CXL)

    FDA-approved procedure using riboflavin drops and UV light to strengthen corneal collagen — the only treatment proven to halt progression.

  3. Advanced cases

    intrastromal corneal ring segments (Intacs) to reshape the cornea; corneal transplant (DALK or PKP) when other options are exhausted.

Insurance & Cost for Keratoconus

Medical insurance — not vision insurance — often provides benefits for specialty contact lenses and corneal cross-linking when prescribed for medically necessary conditions like keratoconus. Standard vision plans cover routine exams but may not cover scleral lenses or CXL procedures. Typically covered: • Corneal cross-linking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus under many medical plans • Specialty scleral or rigid gas-permeable lenses when medically necessary • Corneal topography and monitoring exams Often out-of-pocket: • Lens replacement and fitting fees beyond plan allowance • Medical plan deductibles and specialist copays • Premium lens materials or coatings

Coverage varies by plan — we verify your benefits before treatment

Call before your visit and we will check your vision and medical benefits so there are no surprises.

Frequently Asked Questions About Keratoconus

Will keratoconus make me go blind?

Keratoconus rarely causes total blindness, but it can cause significant vision impairment. With modern treatments including corneal cross-linking and specialty lenses, most patients maintain functional vision.

Can I still wear glasses if I have keratoconus?

In mild stages, glasses may partially correct vision. As the cornea becomes more irregular, glasses become less effective. Specialty contact lenses — especially scleral lenses — provide much better visual correction for most patients with keratoconus.

Does eye rubbing cause keratoconus?

Chronic eye rubbing is strongly associated with keratoconus progression and may trigger it in genetically susceptible individuals. Patients with keratoconus are strongly advised to stop rubbing their eyes.

Are keratoconus treatments covered by insurance?

Medical insurance often covers corneal cross-linking and medically necessary specialty lenses for keratoconus. Vision plans typically cover the exam but not specialty lens fees. We verify your specific coverage before fitting scleral or other specialty lenses.

Medical Disclaimer

The information on this page is for general educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your eye care provider with any questions about a medical condition. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911.

Book an Evaluation for Keratoconus

If you notice distorted vision or frequent prescription changes that glasses can no longer correct, see your eye doctor promptly. Early diagnosis is critical — corneal cross-linking is most effective before significant thinning occurs and it cannot restore vision that has already been lost.

Have a question? We’d love to hear from you.

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